Benallal, Amine (2008) Hydrodynamic study of wax deposition in pipeline. PhD thesis Mécanique Numérique, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, ENSMP p.187.
Full text available as:
|
|
Alternative Locations: http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377593/fr/
Abstract
The wax deposit issue in wells and pipelines is very expensive to oil companies. That is why the prediction of this wax deposit is critical to optimize its management. In this thesis, it is proposed that the deposit could result from flow patterns caused by rheological factors. Indeed, thermodynamic properties create the onset of wax crystals, and diffusion mechanisms result in the displacement and accumulation of wax in a particular region. This results in rheological changes that modify the flow pattern and create an unyielded region near the wall, namely a wax deposit. To highlight this process, experimental tests of wax deposition were performed on the Lyre loop at IFP-Lyon. Results show some insights that confirm our approach. A more simple and efficient experimental facility "Cylindrical Couette" was designed. This tool is able to reproduce the main deposit mechanisms and can supply some critical parameters as diffusion coefficient. In parallel we develop a numerical model accounting for the main physical phenomena which have been observed experimentally: viscoplastic temperature dependent material coupled with a Fick diffusion equation for wax. This model captures qualitatively the progressive built up of a wax deposit in a pipeline but the computation time is very important. We adapt this numerical model to the simplified Couette geometry which has been experimentally developed. The computation time is more reasonable and the results are in agreement with the preliminary experimental results.
| Item Type: | PhD Thesis (PhD) |
|---|---|
| PhD Supervisor: | Agassant, Jean-François |
| Date: | 15 December 2008 |
| Board of examiners: | Line, Alain and Frigaard, Ian and Magnin, Albert and Brocart, Benjamin and Wachs, Anthony and Agassant, Jean-François and Maurel, Philippe |
| Ecole Doctorale: | ED 364 SCIENCES FONDAMENTALES ET APPLIQUEES |
| Discipline: | Mécanique Numérique |
| Collection (Fonds): | Mines ParisTech (ENSMP) |
| Institution: | ENSMP |
| Department: | CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux |
| Subjects: | 4. Materials Science, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Paraffines, Diffusion moléculaire, Viscoplasticité, Hydrodynamique, Paraffin, Molecular diffusion, Viscoplasticity, Hydrodynamics, Simulation écoulement, Flow simulation |
| ID Code: | 5055 |
| Deposited By: | Brigitte HANOT |
| Deposited On: | 19 June 2009 |
References
AZEVEDO L.F.A., TEXEIRA A.M., A Critical Review of the Modelling of Wax Deposition Mechanisms, Petroleum Science and Technology, Vol.21, pages 393-408, 2003.
BARRY E.G., Pumping non-newtonian waxy crude oils, Journal of Institute of Petroleum, 57(554) ,76-85,1971.
BURGER E.D., PERKINS T.K., STRIEGLER J.H., Studies of Wax Deposition in the Trans Alaska Pipeline, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1075-1086, June1981.
CALANGE S., Modélisation thermodynamique compositionnelle de la cristallisation des bruts paraffiniques, thèse, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 1996.
CRADDOCK H.A, MUTCH K, SOWERBY K, JOHNSON M, McGREGOR S., COOK J. AND STRACHAN C., The application of wax dissolver in the enhancement of export line cleaning, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Oilfield Chemistry in Houston, USA, 28 February-2 March 2007.
CUSSLER E.L., HUGHES S.E., WARD W.J. AND ARIS R., Barrier Membranes , J. Memb. Sci. 38 , 161 ,1988.
DANIAL S, ROBERTS J., The Cliff head field development-flow assurance and production chemistry challenges in a marginal field context, SPE , SPE 115612, September 2008.
DING J, ZHANG J., LI H, ZHANG F. AND YANG X, Flow behavior of daqing waxy crude oil under simulated pipelining conditions, Energy & Fuel , 20, 2531-2536,2006.
ECKSTEIN E C., Particle migration in linear shear flow, thesis, MIT, 1970.
EL-GAMAL I.M., GAD E.A.M., Low temperature rheological behaviour of Umbaraka waxy crude and influence of flow improver, Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole, 52 (3), 369-379, mai 1997.
GROVE G, SAETHER G AND ESTRADA GP, Employing flow assurance in an offshore FEED study, SPE, SPE 116254, September 2008.
HAMOUDA A.A., DAVIDSEN S., An Approach for Simulation of Paraffin Deposition in Pipelines as a Function of Flow Characteristics With a Reference to Teesside Oil Pipeline, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 28966, February 1995.
HANSEN J.H., FREDENSLUND A.A., PEDERSEN K.S., P.RØNNINGSEN H., A Thermodynamic Model for Predicting Wax Formation in Crude Oils’, AIChE Journal, 34, 1937, 1988.
HENAULT I., Influence du gaz dissous sur les propriétés rhéologiques des bruts paraffiniques, Note Interne IFP, IH/cvdu/R071-037, 2007.
HERNANDEZ O.C., SARICA C., BRILL J.P., VOLK M., DELLE-CASE E., CREEK J., Effect of flow regime, temperature gradient and shear stripping in single-phase paraffin deposition, BHRG Multiphase technology Conference, San Remo, Italy, 2003.
HSU J.J.C., SANTAMARIA M.M., BRUBAKER J.P., Wax Deposition of Waxy Live Crude's Under Turbulent Flow Conditions, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 69th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in New Orleans, USA, September 1994.
JENNINGS D. W., and Weispfennig, K., Effects of Shear and Temperature on Wax Deposition: Coldfinger Investigation with a Gulf of Mexico Crude Oil, Energy & Fuel , 19, 1376-1386,2005.
KOK M.V., SARACOGLU R.O., Mathematical modelling of wax deposition in crude oil pipelines (comparative study), Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara Turkey, Petroleum Science and technology, 1121-1145, 2000.
LI H, ZHANG J., A generalized model for predicting non-Newtonian viscosity of waxy crudes as a function of temperature and precipitated wax, Fuel , 82, 1387-1397,2003 .
LUND H.J., Investigation of paraffin deposition during single-phase flow in pipelines, thesis, University of TULSA, 1998.
MANFIELD PH., NISBET W AND BALIUS J., Understanding and mitigating wax deposition in a deepwater subsea gas/condensate flowline, OTC, OTC 18834 1, May 2007.
MATLACH W.J. AND NEWBERRY M.E., Paraffin deposition and rheological evolution of high wax content Altamont crude oils, SPE, SPE 11851, May 1983.
MAUREL Ph., RUFFIER-MERAY P., BRUCY F., LAGRANGE Y., Wax deposition testing in multiphase loop of Solaize, rapport interne IFP, octobre 2000.
MAUREL P., GATEAU P., BRUCY F., BARBEY A., BONNET N., PEURIERE E., Bruts paraffiniques, Maîtrise des dépôts, Tests en boucle, BHR Group Multiphase'99, 1999.
MAURICIO M.H.P, AZEVEDO L.F.A., TEXEIRA A., PACIORNIK S., In-situ optical microscopy of wax crystallization, Acta Microscopica, 12 , Supplement C ,287-288, September 2003.
MARCHUK. G.I, Methods of numerical mathematics, Springer, 1975.
MISRA S., BARUAH S., SINGH K., Paraffin problems in crude oil production and transportation: A Review, SPE Production & Facilities, February 1995.
PAPANASTASIOU, T.C. , Flow of materials with yield, J. of Rheology. 31(5), 385-404,1987.
PEDERSEN K.S., Prediction of Cloud Point Temperatures and Amount of Wax Precipitated Society of Petroleum Engineers 27629.
SINGH P., VENKATESAN R., FOGLER H.S., NAGARAJAN N., Formation and aging of incipient thin film wax-oil gels, AIChE Journal, vol. 46, No 5, May 2000
SCHOPPA W., JAYAWARDENA S., AGBAJE T., EBERE D., LYER S, Bonga-flow assurance benchmarking via field surveillance, OTC, OTC 18949, May 2007.
ZOUGARI M, JACOBS J., RATULOWSKI J, HAMMAMI A., BROZE G, FLANNERY M., STANKIEWICZ A. AND KARAN K, Novel organic solids deposition and control device for live-oils: design and applications, Energy & Fuel , 20, 1656-1663,2006.
VENKATESAN R., NAGARAJAN N.R., PASO K., YI Y-B, SASTRY A.M., FOGLER H.S., The strength of paraffin gels formed under static and flow conditions, Chemical Engineering Science, 60, 3587-3598, 2005.
VENKATESAN R., AND CREEK J.L., Wax deposition during production operation: SOTA, OTC, OTC 18798, May 2007.
VIGNATI E., PIAZZA R., VISINTIN R.F.G., LAPASIN R, D'ANTONA P., LOCKHART T.P., Wax crystallization and aggregation in a model crude oil, J.Phys.Condens.Matter, 17, 3651-3660,2005.
VINAY G., Modélisation du redémarrage des écoulements de bruts paraffiniques dans les conduites pétrolières, Thèse, École des Mines Paris et de L'IFP., 2005.
VINAY G., WACHS A AND FRIGAARD I, Start-up transients and efficient computation of isothermal waxy crude oil flows, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech, 143, 141-156 , 2007
WON K. W., Thermodynamics for Solid Solution-liquid-vapor equilibrium,wax phase formation from heavy hydrocarbon mixture. Fluid Phase Equilib , 30, 265., 1986.
Repository Staff Only: edit this item