Luong, Phuc Hiep (2007) Evolution management for a Corporate Semantic Web. PhD thesis Informatique temps réel, Robotique, Automatique, CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées, ENSMP p.249.

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Abstract

Corporate Semantic Web (CSW) is an approach of the Knowledge Management in an organisation for the next generation of the Semantic Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation. Actually, the organizations live in a heterogeneous, dynamic and evolving environment which often leads to internal and external changes requiring the evolution of their knowledge management system. Few current researches face the change management problem and provide the maintenance facilities for the knowledge management system. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to reducing this limitation.

In this dissertation, we present a new approach for the evolution management of the CSW. We focus particularly on the ontology evolution and semantic annotation evolution which are two important components of the CSW. We are interested in two main scenarios of ontology evolution : (i) with trace and (ii) without trace of ontology changes which are carried out during its evolution. These two scenarios are often encountered in reality and they lead to inconsistencies of the annotations semantics using this modified ontology. Corresponding to each context of evolution, we have developed equivalent approaches: a procedural approach and a rule-based approach in order to manage semantic annotations evolution and particularly to detect inconsistent annotations and to guide the process of solving these inconsistencies.

These propositions were implemented and validated in the CoSWEM system which facilitates the evolution management of the CSW. It enables to carry out some tasks automatically or semi-automatically such as comparison of different ontologies, inconsistency detection and correction of the semantic annotations, etc. This system was also experimented within the framework of the industrial projects PALETTE and E-WOK_HUB with a set of real and evolving data from these projects.

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Table of content

Table des matières

1 État de l’art

1.1 Web sémantique

1.1.1 Architecture et langages du Web sémantique

1.1.2 Composants principaux du Web sémantique

1.1.3 De la Mémoire d’entreprise au Web sémantique d’entreprise

1.2 Évolution du système de gestion des connaissances

1.2.1 Problème de changements et de l’évolution

1.2.2 Approches principales sur la gestion de l’évolution

1.3 Conclusion

2 Évolution du Web Sémantique d’Entreprise

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Web sémantique d’entreprise - Approche Acacia

2.1.2 Cycle de développement

2.1.3 Applications du Web Sémantique d’entreprise

2.2 Problèmes d’évolution du WSE

2.2.1 Causes possibles des problèmes d’évolution

2.2.2 Scénarios d’évolution

2.3 Aspects importants de l’évolution de l’onto

2.3.1 Processus d’évolution

2.3.2 Représentation des changements

2.3.3 Détection des changements ontologiques

2.3.4 Vérification et résolution des inconsistances

2.3.5 Comparaison et Gestion des versions de l’ontologie

2.3.6 Discussion

2.4 Aspects importants de l’évolution de l’annotation sémantique

2.4.1 Analyse des effets des changements ontologiques sur l’annotation

2.4.2 Détection des annotations inconsistantes

2.4.3 Résolution des annotations inconsistantes

2.4.4 Discussion

2.5 Conclusion

3 CoSWEM – un système de gestion de l’évolution du WSE

3.1 Motivations

3.2 Architecture du système CoSWEM

3.2.1 Architecture

3.2.2 Description des composants du système

3.2.3 Intégration de CoSWEM dans un Web sémantique d’entreprise

3.3 Évolution de l’ontologie dans le système CoSWEM

3.3.1 Propagation des changements de l’ontologie

3.3.2 Principaux aspects de l’évolution de l’ontologie

3.4 Évolution de l’annotation sémantique dans le système CoSWEM

3.4.1 Étapes principales

3.4.2 Approches de détection et de résolution des inconsistances

3.5 Outils de support utilisés dans le système CoSWEM.

3.5.1 CORESE - Moteur de recherche sémantique

3.5.2 ECCO – Editeur Collaboratif et Contextuel d’Ontologie.

3.5.3 SemTag - Librairie de tags JSP sémantiques

3.6 Conclusion.

4 Évolution de l’ontologie

4.1 Démarche générale

4.1.1 Modèle de l’ontologie

4.1.2 Processus d’évolution de l’ontologie

4.2 Représentation des changements de l’ontologie

4.2.1 Classification des changements ontologiques

4.2.2 Construction de l’ontologie d’évolution

4.2.3 Trace de changement

4.3 Résolution des changements de l’ontologie

4.3.1 Niveau d’inconsistance

4.3.2 Stratégies de résolution

4.3.3 Résolution des inconsistances de l’ontologie

4.3.4 Gestion et comparaison des versions de l’ontologie

4.4 Propagation des changements de l’ontologie

4.4.1 Propagation aux ontologies dépendantes

4.4.2 Propagation aux annotations sémantiques

4.5 Conclusion

5 Évolution de l’annotation sémantique dans le contexte de modification de l’ontologie

5.1 Description du problème

5.1.1 Exemple de motivation

5.1.2 Hypothèses

5.1.3 Définitions

5.1.4 Les approches de l’évolution de l’annotation sémantique

5.2 Approche procédurale - évolution de l’annotation sémantique avec trace de changements

5.2.1 Processus d’évolution avec la trace de changement

5.2.2 Approche procédurale

5.3 Approche basée sur des règles - évolution de l’annotation sémantique sans trace de changements

5.3.1 Processus d’évolution sans trace de changement

5.3.2 Détection des inconsistances de l’annotation sémantique

5.3.3 Correction des inconsistances de l’annotation sémantique

5.4 Jeu de tests et exemples

5.5 Conclusion

6 Implémentation et Évaluation du CoSWEM

6.1 Implémentation du système

6.1.1 Architecture d’implémentation

6.1.2 Conception du système

6.2 Expérimentations

6.2.1 Description des projets de l’expérimentation

6.2.2 Expérimentations

6.3 Évaluation des résultats

6.3.1 Exigences des fonctionnalités

6.3.2 Mesures d’évaluation

6.3.3 Évaluation des résultats

6.3.4 Discussion

6.4 Conclusion

Conclusion

Bibliographie

Annexe A - Stratégies de résolution

Annexe B – Ontologie d’évolution CoSWEM

Annexe C – Exemple d’une trace d’évolution

Statistiques de consultation

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