Kafi-benyahia, Mounira (2006) Spatial variability of characteristics and origines of wet weather polluants in combined servers. PhD thesis, ENPC.
Abstract
This thesis is registered in the OPUR: "Observatoire des polluants URbains en Ile-de-France". It relies on the fitting out of an experimental on-site observatory of six urban catchments series of growing size and comparable land use, from the Marais catchment (41 ha) to Clichy site's (2500 ha), along the axis of the Clichy trunk, in Paris.
This on-site observatory allowed:
- to study nature and flux variability of transferred pollutants by dry and wet weather, in combined sewers, in relation to the characteristics and the spatial scale of urban catchments. The work concerns in particular:
- flux and mean concentrations of SS, VSS, COD, BOD5, TOC, TKN, and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn).
- Particle characteristics: distribution between dissolved and particle bound pollution, pollutant loads in particles and settling velocities.
- to understand the hydraulic and hydrologic functioning of sewer network of the OPUR urban catchments, and to study the transferred mechanisms in combined sewers.
- to evaluate the contribution of the three sources of pollution "urban runoff, wastewater and sewer sediments" to pollutant loads of wet weather. This evaluation was realised by using a mass balance approach between the entry and the exit of each catchment.
The results obtained indicate, a relative homogeneity of pollutant loads, of their characteristics and of the dominant processes on the six studied catchments. They show an important contribution of the sewer deposit erosion to the flux of SS, organic matter and total copper, whatever the size of catchment. This contribution varies, on average, according to the site, from 49 to 79% for SS and from 43 to 71% for total copper. For cadmium, lead, and zinc, urban runoff proves the main source.
| Item Type: | PhD Thesis (PhD) |
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| Thesis Supervisor: | Chebbo, Ghassan and Gromaire, Marie-Christine |
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| Date: | March 2006 |
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| Board of examiners: | Chocat, Bernard and Legret, Michel and Diab, Youssef Georges |
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| Collection (Fonds): | ENPC |
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| Institution: | ENPC |
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| Subjects: | 8. Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Experimental urban catchment, Combined sewers, Urban wet weather discharges, Spatial scale, Urban runoff, Waste waters, Sediments, Sources of pollution, Bassin versant expérimental, Réseau d’assainissement unitaire, Rejets urbains de temps de pluie, Echelle spatiale, Eaux de ruissellement, Eaux usées, Dépôts, Sources de pollution |
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