Cimuca, Gabriel-Octavian (2005) Flywheel energy storage system associated to the wind generators. PhD thesis Génie électrique, ENSAM 2005ENAM0027.

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Abstract

The big problem of the decentralized renewable energy sources is that they do not participate to the ancillary services (voltage regulation, frequency regulation, black-start, operation in islanding). For this reason, this energy sources are considered as negative charges for the power system. The voltage and frequency regulation are reported on the classical generators, form the big power plants. The penetration rate of the decentralized energy production, i.e. the ration between its generated power and the consumed power, must be limited in order to keep the good control of the power system. This is particularly right for the renewable energy sources whose the primary source is very fluctuant and very difficult to predict. Consequently, for the wind generators, the penetration rate is limited at 20 - 30 %. Even if actually the wind generators do not participate to the ancillary services, this must be changed because of the augmentation of the installed wind systems. Because of the primary source of theses generators (the wind), which is very fluctuant and unpredictable, a stand-alone wind generator cannot ensure the control of the generated power. So, we need a storage system operating as an energy buffer between the generator and the consumer. The storage system must have a high dynamics in order to operate in real time, in function of the generated and consumed power fluctuations, respectively. The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is appropriated for this type of application because of its characteristics: high dynamics, good efficiency, long lifetime (similar to the wind generators), ecological system, etc. So, the first aim of this work was the study of the FESSs form the point of view of their association with the wind generators. The second target was to developing the control and supervision methods for a FESS associated with variable speed wind generator. The aim was to control the power flow between the generator and the consumer, in order allow these generators to participate at the ancillary services and to operate in islanding. Finally, the third target was to develop a test bench allowing the particle implementation of the theoretical principles.

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