Sinegre, Laure (2006) Etude des instabilités dans les puits activés par gas-lift. PhD thesis Mathématiques et Automatique, CAS- Centre Automatique et Systèmes, ENSMP p.127.

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Abstract

Les puits pétroliers activés par gas-lift sont souvent sujet à des comportements instables qui ne peuvent être décrits par les lois de l'hydro-statique. L'objectif du travail présenté dans ce mémoire est l'analyse de la dynamique de ces puits, en particulier lorsqu'ils produisent par à-coups. Elle aboutit à la conception de solutions de contrôle adaptées.

Nous commençons par décrire brièvement les principes de l'activation des puits par gas-lift et soulignons l'impact très négatif des instabilités sur les volumes de pétrole produits. Il existe deux principaux mécanismes susceptibles d'engendrer ces productions par

à-coups. Nous les mettons en évidence à partir d'enregistrements temps-réel issus de sites de production. Le premier mécanisme, connu dans la littérature, est expliqué grâce à des bilans de masses. Nous montrons, grâce à une analyse des propriétés du champ de vecteurs, que ce phénomène s'interprète géométriquement comme un cycle limite. La principale contribution de ce mémoire consiste en la description et l'analyse du second mécanisme, très mal connu auparavant. Nous montrons que le retard lié aux temps de propagation des fluides dans le puits induit le déphasage à l'origine de cette instabilité. L'étude de ces deux instabilités se poursuit par la présentation d'un modèle complet et compact de la dynamique du puits. Il s'agit de l'interconnection d'un système du premier ordre stable avec un système à paramètres distribués. Il permet d'attribuer, grâce au théorème des petits gains, la cause des instabilités observées à deux boucles de rétroaction potentiellement positives. Ce modèle nous permet de développer des solutions de contrôle, inspirées de la structure physique du puits et respectant les contraintes opérationnelles. L'efficacité de ces stratégies est illustrée par des résultats de simulations réalistes. Une partie des solutions a également été testée, en ligne, sur site de production.

Certains résultats obtenus, très encourageants, sont présentés.

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Table of content

Remerciements

Introduction

1. Process description and problematic

Description du procédé et problématique

1.1. Operations description

1.2. Operating conditions and efficiency

2. A dynamical system approach to the study of instabilities

Une approche dynamique de l'analyse des instabilités

2.1. The casing-heading instability

2.2. The Density wave instability

2.3. Global study of unstable phenomena

3. Control solutions

Solutions de contrôle

3.1. State of the art

3.2. Controlling the tubing dynamics using gas inlet as input

3.3. Controlling the tubing dynamics using the production choke as input

3.4. Controlling the well dynamics using production choke as input

Conclusion

A. OLGAr2000 simulations settings

B. Nomenclature

List of figures

Bibliography

Statistiques de consultation

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