Busquet, Séverine (2003) Study of a stand alone power system based on a photovoltaic field, an electrolyseur and a fuel cell: test bench and modelisation. PhD thesis Energétique, ENSMP - CENERG, ENSMP.

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Abstract

Our energetic future has to be based on non-polluting energies with long-term resources. Renewable energies are the best candidates but as their production is intermittent, storage way is necessary as well efficient as environmentally friendly. Coupled an electrolyser and a fuel cell allows to store electricity in gas form and furthermore to produce heat energy. The goal of this work is to evaluate performances of a stand-alone power system, producing electricity and heat, coupling a photovoltaic field and a hydrogen storage system, made of an electrolyser, a gas storage unit and a fuel cell. Hydrogen is the unique way to store electricity. To complete this task, two tools have been developed: a 3,6 kW test bench and a simulation tool. To select the test bench, a bibliographic study enables to collect the necessary information to size and to choice the system and its components. The low availability of components adapted to our application, forces us to create new devices (electrolyser, fuel cell, power management unit). The test bench is automatic and safe. Experimental analysis evaluates the efficiency of the hydrogen storage system, determining the different losses occurring in each component. Modifications are proposed to increase the performances of the storage system. The simulation tool enables to plan the operating of the test bench for a fixed load and place. This model can simulate any system based on experimental data of each component. Simulation results enable to characterise the functioning of the test bench

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Table of content

I. Introduction
I.1. Avenir énergétique
I.2. Systèmes autonomes de production d'énergie
I.3. Objectifs et plan de thèse
II. Système PV-FC
II.1. Présentation générale
II.2. Principaux composants
II.2.1. Panneaux photovoltaïques
II.2.2. Piles à combustible
II.2.3. Electrolyseurs
II.2.4. Conclusion
II.3. Systèmes PV-H2 existants
II.3.1. Présentation des projet
II.3.2. Résultats expérimentaux
II.3.3. Choix d'un système PV-H2
II.3.4. Conclusion
II.4. Conception du banc d'essai
II.4.1. Dimensionnement
II.4.2. Architecture électrique et stratégie de contrôle
II.4.3. Système de stockage par l'hydrogène
II.4.4. Conclusion
II.5. Conclusion.
III. Banc d'essai
III.1. Description du banc d'essai
III.1.1. Description des composants.
III.1.2. Mesures de sécurité
III.1.3. Conclusion .
III.2. Caractérisation des composants
III.2.1. Electrolyseur
III.2.2. Pile à Combustible
III.2.3. PMU
III.2.4. Conclusion
III.3. Performances du système de stockage par l'hydrogène
III.3.1. Performances actuelles
III.3.2. Perspectives.
III.3.3. Conclusion
III.4. Conclusion
IV. Modélisation du système.
IV.1. Choix généraux
IV.1.1. Environnement
IV.1.2. Choix des modèles des composants.
IV.2. Choix des modèles des composants.
IV.2.1. PV
IV.2.2. Electrolyseurs et piles à combustible.
IV.2.3. Batteries
IV.2.4. Stockage gaz
IV.2.5. Convertisseurs
IV.2.6. Conclusion
IV.3. Développement du modèle et ajustement au banc d'essai
IV.3.1. Panneaux photovoltaïques
IV.3.2. Composants électrochimiques
IV.3.3. Stockage des gaz
IV.3.4. Batterie de sécurité
IV.3.5. PM
IV.3.6. Consommation intrinsèque du système
IV.3.7. Système complet
IV.3.8. Conclusion
IV.4. Analyse des performances du banc d'essai
IV.4.1. Différents systèmes de stockage par l'hydrogène
IV.4.2. Différentes charges
IV.4.3. Résultats et analyses
IV.4.4. Conclusion
IV.5. Conclusion
V. Conclusion
VI. Références
VII. Glossaire
VIII. Annexes

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